用以考察现代西方科学哲学演变的复杂性观点

Complex View for Exploring the Evolution of Modern Western Philosophy of Science

现代西方科学哲学的发展呈现诸说并起、异论对峙的局面,使如何吸取它们的合理性成果成为一个棘手的难题。文章建议运用复杂性观点来考察各个学派的理论建树的关系,看到每一个学派的观点都具有与其语境相关的相对的真理性,但是超过了一定的限度就会被对立学派的观点所矫正,形成“两端互补”。文章还考察了夏皮尔的科学哲学学说把握了科学体系中元理论层次与理论层次之间的相互作用、相互决定的自组织发展的形式的复杂思维方式。

In the field of modern western philosophy of science, the schools that hold contrary theses successively emerged and developed and disputed with each other. This made us be confused about how to absorb their reasonable achievements. The present article proposes to adopt a complex view to consider the relation between the theoretical propositions of different schools, seeing that the position of each school is of relative truth related to its context, and going beyond this context, it would be corrected by the position of its rival school. This leads in the end to a situation of complementarity between two extremes. This article also investigates a complex way of thinking, used in D.Shapere's doctrine of philosophy of science, to grasp a self-organizing development form of science system consisting in the interaction and interdetermination between meta-theoretical level and theoretical level.