中国直杆火箭系统研究

RESEARCH ON CHINESE CENTRE-STICK-MOUNTED ROCKET SYSTEMS

该文根据发现的翔实史料，首次揭示明代火器研制家赵士桢于１５９８年以前就发明了世界上最早的直杆火箭—中国第一代直杆火箭系统，它比西方的发明早两个多世纪；清代火器研制家王文澜在１８３９年，又创制了以燃烧型为主的多形制、多性能的直杆火箭—中国第二代直杆火箭系统，它与西方的同类火箭相比较，是处于当时世界的先进水平；洋务运动时期火箭研制家丁拱辰，从１８６３年开始主持了上海制他局的直杆火箭系统的研制工作，这是用机器大规模创造直杆火箭系统的开始，它代表了中国第三代直杆火箭系统的高度发展阶段。

Through narrating in the light of the history of rocket development and on the basis of full and accurate historical materials; this article reveals for the first time that Zhao Shizhen; a firearms specialist of the Ming Dynasty; had invented the first generation of Chinese centre-stick-mounted rocket system even before 1598. This system is also the first of its kind in the world; which was more than 200 years earlier than the similar one of the West. In 1839; Wang Wenlan of the Qing Dynasty; who was also an expert on firearms;created the second generation of China's multiform and multifunction centre-stick-mounted rocket system; which had been mainly used as in cendiary. Wang's rocket system reached the world's advanced level at that time. During the Westernization Movement of the Qing Dynasty; rocket research and production had been in the charge of Ding Gongchen; another firearms researcher; in Shanghai Arsenal since 1863. This marked the beginning of the mass production of rocket by machinery; and indicated that the third generation of Chinese centre-stick-mounted rocket eatered a highly developed stage and attained a very advanced level.