乌鲁木齐近50年城市用地动态扩展及其机制分析

Study on the Process and Mechanism for Urban Land Expansion in Urumqi in 50 Years

近年来,在城市进程中,城市用地明显向外扩张,通过对城市用地的外部扩张和内部分异,以乌鲁木齐为例,利用统计数据和规划图件,从宏观与微观两个层次来研究乌鲁木齐城市近50年用地动态扩张及其机制。首先,总结了乌鲁木齐市建成区面积的变化和空间扩展规律;其次,分析了乌鲁木齐的工业用地、居住用地、商业用地这些主要城市用地类型的分异过程与特征;最后,分阶段探讨了影响乌鲁木齐城市扩展的自然与社会经济机制。

Land Use and Land Cover Change(LUCC)is one of important factors resulting to environment change in region or global scale.Urban land expansion remarkably influences the regional environment because there are many human activity concentrating in urban.Recently,many scholars have studied urban expansion from different angle.In China,the process of urban dynamic expansion is still the focus for the study.The study on process,mode,mechanism and strategy for urban expansion have made great progress in recent years.The paper takes an oasis city,Urumqi,as a study area.Based on statistic data and urban planning maps,the dynamic process of Urumqi city expansion in the past 50 years is summarized.Firstly,the dynamic process of Urumqi urban expansion is analyzed.In the past 50 years,Urumqi urban land expands distinctly from 12.4 km2 in 949 to 163.6 km2 in 1998.And there are some rules the city obeys when it grows.Secondly,the process of some main kinks of land’s transfer and centralize is explained in microcosmic scale.When the city grows the industry land, resident land and commercial land have their characters of transfer-centralization.Now the industry land distributes the urban fringe and some industry zones have been come into being.The resident land density in the center of city is higher than the new city zone but it is obvious that the resident land transfers to the new city zone gradually in future.In the sides,crosses of busy,streets some commercial centers are formed.Thirdly,the dominant reasons to promote urban expansion in different phases are expatiated.The natural reason is stabilized while the social reasons changed in different phases.During 1949-1978,the policy is the main impetus to drive the urban expand;in the time from 1978 to 1992,the population and economy are dominant to make the urban grow; from 1992 to now, the price of land and planning work control the main sorts land transferring and centralizing in the urban.