关中西部畦灌优化灌水技术要素组合的初步研究

Study of Reasonable Technique Elemental Combination in the of the Border Irrigation in the West Guanzhong Plain

在杨凌区砂壤土、中壤土的冬小麦和果树地,进行了畦田规格和灌水技术要素对水流推进和消退过程、灌水效率与灌水均匀度影响的田间试验,利用地面灌溉水流运动数学模型对畦灌条件下的最佳灌水技术要素组合进行了模拟和分析。结果表明,零惯量模型可以很好的模拟畦灌灌水过程中水流运动规律;畦田规格和灌水技术要素对灌水效率和灌水均匀度具有明显影响,对所研究的砂壤土冬小麦地在1‰、3‰田面坡度条件下,单宽流量以7L/(s·m)为宜,最大畦长应分别以40m、90m;对中壤土果树地1‰、3‰、5‰坡度条件下的畦长和单宽流量组合为分别以50m和6.0L/(s·m)、90m和6.0L/(s·m)、90m和5.0L/(s·m)左右为宜。同时为达到较高的灌水效率和灌水均匀度,畦田坡度不宜过大。

Field experiment were conducted in a sandy loam and medium loam in the Semiarid region to investigate the influences of border dimensions and irrigation variables on the performance of water advance and recession, Application Efficiency(Ea) and Distribution Uniformity(DU). Results showed that the surface irrigation inflow could be represent by the Zero-inertia model. The border dimensions and irrigation flow rate of unit width affected the Application Efficiency and Distribution Uniformity significantly. The optimization inflow rate of unit width and border length in the sandy loam planted winter wheat at 1‰, 3‰ border slope are 7 L/(s·m)and 50 m, 7 L/(s·m)and 90 m. The optimization inflow rate of unit width and border length in the medium loam planted fruit tree at 1‰, 3‰ 5‰ border slope 6 L/(s·m)and 50 m, 6 L/(s·m)and 90 m, 5 L/(s·m)and 90 m.