黄土高原砖窑沟试验区土壤资源与改良利用途径

ON SOIL RESOURCES AND THE WAY FOR ITS AMELIORATION AND UTILIZATION IN ZHUANYAOGOU EXPERIMENT AREA OF THE LOESS PLATEAU

本文以田间试验、定位观测和野外调查为依据，系统地研究了位于晋西北黄土丘陵区的砖窑沟试验区土壤资源特点及采用改良利用措施后的效果。结果表明，试验区土壤类型多，肥力低。低产原因主要是：土质过砂，有机质含量低，气候多灾，侵蚀严重，经济贫困。通过修建水平梯田，实施快速培肥技术；实行以有机肥与氮肥为主的优化施肥方案；蓄水保水，合理用水，提高水分生产效率等一系列措施，有效地提高了土壤肥力，改善了环境条件。根据科学试验和生产实践，提出了在该地区具有普遍意义的改土培肥途径。

The features of soil resources and the measures and effects of soil amelioration and utilization were studied systematically by means of field experiments, location observations and field surveys on the comprehensive harnessing experiment area of Zhuanyaogou basin in Hequ county, loess hilly region in northwestern Shanxi. The results show that the area is abundant in soil resources, but poor in soil fertility. Reasons for this are mainly sandy texture, low content of organic matter, many climatic disasters, severe soil erosion and poor economy. The soil fertility and its environment condition have been improved efficiently by series of measures, which consist of building bench terrace and practicing technique of improving fertility quickly on new terraced fields, carrying out optimum application plans with storing water, using water rationally, raising water-use efficiency and so on. Meanwhile, the way that is of universal significance in the region for improving soil fertility was developed based on the experiments and practice.