日本节庆活动对我国旅游节庆开发的启示

Several Enlightenments Learned from the Japanese Experiences in Festival Celebrations

节庆活动是市民对城市历史的年复一年的认同,是挖掘地方历史文化、创造城市特色的一个有显著成效的手段。日本的节庆活动有着全社会的影响,不仅促进了传统文化的保存和传播,而且促进了社区的形成和传统文化的认同,甚至塑造了当代的日本基层社会———社区的人际关系。本文开篇概括了我国各地建设正从“标准化”走向个性化发展的时代背景,阐述了日本旅游节庆的重要性,不仅在于经济效益重大(约占日本 GDP的 1%),更在于保护传统文化,塑造城市特色。进而论述了旅游节庆和传统文化保护、社区建设的相互关系,挖掘出节庆活动开发的一些成功因素。即必须摒弃“政府主导、企业参与”、“旅游搭台、经贸唱戏”等陈腐思路,只有通过政府主导、企业营销、民众参与,进行有独创性的策划,节庆活动才能真正得到市民和市场的认同,城市也才能挖掘出自身的个性,树立自身的城市形象。

Traditional festivals and events, by which the local people can strengthen their own city identity, can be taken as an effective measure to discover and preserve the local historical and cultural treasures. The impacts of those festivals and events in Japan, which nearly cover all the aspects of the Japanese society, has been playing an important role in promoting the persistence of those unique traditional cultures and customs in local area, and even made an effort in shaping the inter-personal relationship in community levels. The paper discusses the interrelationship among three factors, namely, the tourist festivals, conservation of local cultures and traditions, as well as the community development. Following that, several key points have been suggested by the author for successful tourism development in festivals and events.