稻瘟病菌致病性的分子遗传学研究进展

The Research Progress on Molecular Genetics of Pathogenicity of Rice Blast Fungus

由稻瘟病菌引起的稻瘟病是水稻生产上危害最为严重的真菌病害,对世界粮食生产造成巨大损失。稻瘟病菌成功侵染寄主包括分生孢子萌发、附着胞形成、侵染钉分化和侵染性菌丝扩展等一系列错综复杂的过程,其中每一环节都是由特定基因控制的。稻瘟病菌与水稻的互作符合经典的基因对基因学说,二者的不亲和互作是无毒基因与抗病基因相互作用的结果。近几十年来,世界各国科学家对稻瘟病菌致病性的生物学及其遗传的分子机制进行了深入的研究。文章就稻瘟病菌致病性的分子遗传学及其遗传变异机制研究进行了综述,同时对功能基因的研究方法进行了总结。

Rice blast disease, caused by heterothallic ascomycete Magnaporthe grisea, is one of the most serious (fungal) diseases of rice throughout the world. The disease attacks rice plants throughout the season and causes severe yield losses. The pathogenesis of M.grisea is due to a complex process that spans the entire life cycle of the (pathogen.) The process including germination of conidia, formation of appressoria, differentiation of penetration pegs and proliferation of infectious hyphae is controlled by many genes. The interaction between M.grisea and rice is based on the gene-for-gene hypothesis and the defense responses are often activated by the action of the pathogen avirulence (Avr) gene and the host resistance (R) gene. The studies on molecular biology and genetic mechanism of (pathogenicity) of M.grisea have occupied pathologists and mycologists for several decades. The present paper reviewed the (research) progress concerning molecular genetics of pathogenicity of the fungus and its genetic diversity and variation, and summarized research methods for the functional genes.