西方古典时代政治文明在中世纪的延续与复兴

The Continuing and Reviving of the Political Oviiization of the Western Antiquity in the Middle Ages

英法革命能够取得确立君主立宪制与民主共和制的制度性成果,与古典时代政治文明在中世纪的延续和复兴是分不开的。其表现为:古典时代的民主思想在中世纪继续得到发展,古典时代的民主遗风制约中世纪各种君主制度的演变,古代社会所形成的体现权利与义务关系的社会契约规范着中世纪的权力关系,城市自治与市民社会也约束着君权并推动民主化进程。文艺复兴时期公民人文主义的复兴、城市民主生活的复兴、古代罗马法典的复兴,对英法革命取得制度性成果更是起了关键作用。

Anglo-French modem revolution, with the establishment of constitutional monarchy and democratic republic as a result, is closely linked with the continuing and reviving of political civilization of western antiquity in the Middle Ages. In this period, the democratic ideas of western antiquity continued to develop, the democratic relic limited the evolvement of monarchism, social compact regulated the power relations, the borough and its burghers constrained the power of emperor and pushed forward the democratic progress. The reviving of Gvic Humanism, Urban Democratic Activities and Roman law were also the key factors for the institutional results of Anglo-French Modem Revolution.