新疆甘家湖自然保护区啮齿动物群落结构与空间格局的研究

Research on Rodent Community Structure and Space Pattern at Ganjiahu National Nature Reserve in Xinjiang

20 0 2、2 0 0 3年春、夏、秋季对精河甘家湖荒漠梭梭林国家级自然保护区的啮齿动物进行了实地调查,采用样方面积铗子法,设置30块样地,共计30hm2 ,捕获啮齿动物5 79只,分属3科5属6种。根据地形特征、植被类型及覆盖度的差异,将样地划分为4种生境类型,用种类(S)、密度(只/hm2 )、多样性指数(H′)、均匀性指数(E)、优势度(D)、生态位宽度(Bi)、生态位重叠指数(Cij)、竞争系数(α) 8个指标对不同生境的鼠类群落结构进行了统计对比分析。结果表明,该区域为单一的荒漠梭梭子午沙鼠(M .meridianus) 大沙鼠(Rhomlomysopimus) 三趾跳鼠(Dipussagitta)群落。其中子午沙鼠为主优势种,大沙鼠为次优势种,三趾跳鼠为常见种,小五趾跳鼠(Allactagaelater)、柽柳沙鼠(M .tamariscinus)、小家鼠(Musmusculus)为罕见种;该群落为高密度斑块状镶嵌空间格局;各生境的群落多样性与优势度、优势种的百分比呈负相关,与物种数、均匀度呈正相关。

From April 2002 to October 2003, the rodent community was investigated in Ganjiahu National Nature Reserve. A total of 579 individuals belonging to 6 species, 5 genera, 3 families were captured by means of plot-area-trap method in a region of 30 hectares which included 30 plots. By dividing the plot into four microhabitats, the rodent community structure of different microhabitats was analyzed according to species (S),density (D),Shannon-Wiener index(H′),evenness(E),dominance(D),niche width (Bi),niche overlapping index(C_ ij)and competition coefficient (α). The results showed this area was single desert Haloxylon mmodendron community dominated Meriones meridianus-Rhomlomys opimus-Dipus sagitta. Among them, Meriones meridianus was the first dominant species, Rhombomys opimus the second dominant species, Dipus sagitta the common species, and rare species were Allactaga elater, M.tamariscinus and Mus musculus. Space pattern was patchness and mosaicism with high density. Community diversity of different microhabitats was negative correlation with dominance and percent of dominant species, but positive correlation with species' number and evenness.