乾隆内府书画装潢初探

A Preliminary Examination of the Art of Mounting Paintings of the Palace Household Of?ce in the Qianlong Reign

中国古代书画装潢历史悠久,技艺精湛。但是长期以来,这一技艺主要是依靠在实际操作中的口手相传,缺乏文字记载,相关研究也多局限于手法技巧,较少涉及时代风格与艺术特色。由于古书画在屡易其主的过程中往往经历了多次改装,也造成历代装潢基准作品的匮乏和不确定。乾隆内府书画装潢集历代之大成,代表了有清一代的最高水平,而北京故宫博物院相对完整的清宫书画原装潢收藏也为其风格研究提供了条件。本文试图以此为切入点,在系统梳理院藏乾隆内府书画装潢原件的基础上,初步探讨其时代风格与艺术特色,希望能对中国古代书画装潢艺术的进一步研究有所裨益。

The ancient Chinese art of mounting works of calligraphy and painting has a long history and shows great ingenuity, yet the techniques have relied on oral transmission in a practical setting and there are few written records detailing the craft, so that its study has been limited to technique while rarely examining the styles and artistic features of the craft in different periods. Because ancient works of calligraphy and painting have frequently changed hands this process has resulted in works often being re-mounted in different styles and this has meant that works have often lost their base mounting or have been inappropriately mounted. The mountings in the Palace Household Of?ce in the Qianlong period were a synthesis of all previous styles and represented the highest attainment in mounting. The relatively complete collection of originally mounted Qing Dynasty paintings in the collection of the Palace Museum provides excellent materials for studying mounting styles. On the basis of this, the author systematically examines the original mountings of the collection of calligraphy and paintings from the Qianlong period Palace Household Of?ce and presents a preliminary study of the styles of the period and their artistic features in the hope that this will contribute to future research on the art of the mountings of ancient Chinese works of calligraphy and painting.