球蚜科分类概述

TAXONOMICAL SURVEY OF ADELGIDAE

球蚜科是蚜虫类的一个重要类群,包括多种林业害虫和检疫害虫,本文从形态特征、生活史、寄主植物、地理分布,进化起源等方面对世界及中国球蚜物种进行了综合论述。结果表明,球蚜科具有较多原始的特征,是蚜虫中较为古老的一类;球蚜具有包括异寄主全周期、异寄主不全周期、同寄主不全周期等复杂的生活周期,形成虫瘿是其主要的为害特征;球蚜科物种专性寄生在松科植物上,主要包括云杉属Picea、松属Pinus、落叶松属Larix、冷杉属Abies等属的植物,在蚜虫物种和寄主植物之间存在着平行演化的现象;球蚜的分布与寄主植物的分布相一致,主要是北半球温带和亚热带高山。世界球蚜有8属5 9种,区系成分主要是新北区、古北区。中国球蚜科有6属2 0种,分布在黑龙江、云南、四川等地,主要是古北区成分。初步推测球蚜科可能首先在松属植物上起源。

A review of the species of the Adelgidae in the world and China was made in the paper. The major content,including morphological character,life history,host plant,distribution and evolution, was discussed in this paper, about the Adelgidae of China and of the world. Adelgidae is an important species, including many forest and quarantine pests, which are archaic for its original character. Adelgidae has multifarious life history that consist of heteroecious holocyclic,heteroecious anholocyclic and monoecious anholocyclic. Its primary injured symptom is to form galls. Species of the Adelgidae mostly infest on the following plants, such as Picea, Pinus, Larix and Abies. There is a parallel evolvement between the aphids and their host plants. The distribution of Adelgidae is coincident with their host plants, mainly in temperate zone and sub-tropical mountainous areas of the Northern Hemisphere. The result indicates that Adelgidae species in the world are represented by 59 known species, which belonging to 8 genera, and mainly distribute on Nearctic and Palaearctic. Furthermore, Adelgidae species in China includes 20 known species in 6 genera and mainly on Palaearctic Regions. It is suggested that Adelgidae could evolve on plants of Pinus in here.