换代犬与阻断结膜吸吮线虫病流行关系的研究

Studies on the relationship between alternation of generations of dogs and transmission of thelaziasis

冒的为了探寻控制结膜吸吮线虫病流行的有效措施。方法采取对现症病人所在村的传染源犬、传播媒介冈田氏饶眼果蝇(A.o)感染结膜吸吮线虫(T.c)进行调查和实行换代犬后的犬及A.o感染T.c追踪调查,将前后调查结果进行比较。结果 1981～1992年安徽淮北地区连续出现T.c病人,这时对宿县芦岭、泗县大庄、五河县城郊病人所在村犬进行了检查,当时感染T.c分别占63.6％(14/22)、75.0％(12/16)和86.1％(19/231)。同时重点检查了五河城郊A.o蝇737只,阳性12只,其感染率为1.6％。其中个别A.o带有T.c感染期幼虫达20余条。于1998年即实行换代犬之后 5年,再查五河城郊及泗县大庄家犬计31只,全部阴性。此期间无新病例。同时查五河城郊A.o果蝇206只,也全部阴性。表明换代犬已失去原先犬群那种强力传染源作用。于 1998～1999年在合肥郊区一新病例居住村,对犬进行检查,犬感染T.c占79.2％(19/24),查犬时即取出虫体,为犬治病。此时进行健康教育,群众易于接受,采用换代大及拴养犬措施,预防该病。于2000年再去检查该村犬12只,阳性8只,占66.7％,犬的感染率及感染度虽较前2年有所降低,但其传染源作用的下降,明显不如其他实行群众性换代犬措施地区的效果好。结论对结膜吸吮线虫病流行区,在健康教育基础上,果断实行换代大措施,是阻断本病传播的最有效方法。

Objective To find out the countermeasures for control of the transmission of thelaziasis. Methods To investigate the prevalence of family dogs and insect vector of Amiota okadai infected with The- lazia callipaeda (oriental eye worm) and make a follow-up survey of alternation of generations of dogs and the intermediate host bearing T.callipaeda. Result Family dogs in Luling (Suxian County), Dazhuang (Sixian County), and the suburb of Wuhe County in Anhui Province were examined for thelaziasis following the con- secutive reports of human infected cases from 1981 to 1992. The prevalence was found to Be 75.0%(24/32), 81.2%(13/16), and 86.1%(199/231) respectively. Simultaneously, 12 of 737 (1.6%) fruit flies of A.okadai from the suburb of Wuhe County were positive in dissection, some of which were heavily infected with more than 20 larvae of T.callipaeda. Five years latter following the alternation of generations of family dogs, 31 dogs from Wuhe and Sixian and 206 fruit flies from Wuhe showed negative for parasite and no new cases were reported, indicating that the new generations of dogs had not act as resources as they did. In another village of new case report, 19 of 24 (79.2%) dogs were found to be infected with thelaziasis and health edu- cation was performed following the investigation from 1998 to 1999. The infective rate was decreased to 66.7% (8 of 12 dogs) in the year of 2000. The resource of dogs, however, still play an important role in the transmission of thelaziasis compared with the effect of the new generations of dogs. Conclusion Alternation of generations of family dogs by health education is the most effective method in countermeasure for control of thelaziasis.