宇宙·六经与我——陆九渊思想略说之二

Universe,Liujing and I——On Lu Jiuyan’s Thoughts

“宇宙便是吾心,吾心即是宇宙”;“六经注我!我注六经?”是陆九渊的名句,长期被认作是主观唯心主义思想的例证,深入探究其谈话场合及所说全部内容,发现非是。“谈宇宙”的一段表述了思想境界。他将宇宙内事当己分内事,视“天下”为己任,立下与“圣人”相同的大志向,涉及的是个人与“宇宙”、“天下”的辩证统一关系。谈“六经”一段先以反诘句式答问,故须在标点上有反映,表达的是反对以己意注经,造成曲解,含蓄地批评了朱熹;其次强调了学习六经的关键是“修身”,要体现在日常行为之中。他以韩愈“因学而学道”的“倒做”为例,批评言与行相背的弊病。同时,这也是陆九渊以宏道为己任的自豪、自信的证明。这个谈话中有一定的片面性,却不宜因此而否定其合理性。

“Universe is my soul,my soul is universe”;“Liujing explains me!Do I explain Liujing?”These were Lu Jiuyuan’s famous sayings.They had been regarded as the examples of subjective idealism for a long time.Probing deeply into the occasions and all the contents of his talks we found they were not so.His talks about universe expressed his realm of thought.He regarded the things in the universe as his own things,regarded“the things in the world”as his own tasks and had the great ideal“the holy persons”had.It was about the dialectical unity relation between individual and “universe”and“the world”.His talk about Liujing began with a rhetorical question,it was reflected on the punctuation.It expressed opposing explaining Liujing with individual view which caused misinterpretation and criticised Zhu Xi implicitly.It emphasized that the key to study Lujing was the beauty in the character which should be reflected in the daily actions.He took Han Yu’s “bottom-up doing”of“studying doctrines because of studying words”as an example to criticise the malpractice of words and actions not keeping with each other.It was also a proof of Lu Liuyuan being proud and self-confident for regarding developing doctrines as his own task.The talk had some one-sidedness,but we shouldn’t negate its reasonableness.