中国竞技体育仲裁制度的域外法资源借鉴研究

The Research of Oversea Sports Arbitration Institutional Resources Used for Refe Rence in Chinese Sport Arbitration Institutional System

通过借鉴美国体育仲裁制度,根据对体育仲裁制度的定性和我国体育机构管理体制模式的情况,我们认为,建立半独立型和独立型相结合的体育仲裁管理体制模式是可行和合理的,其原因是:(1)我们在揭示目前我国体育协会仲裁制度局限性或弊端的同时,也看到了行业仲裁的重要性,通过行业仲裁制度,可以更经济、更快速、更灵活地解决体育争议;另一方面,保持一定的独立性也是极有必要的。因此,应该调整目前我国依附型的体育仲裁制度,建立半独立型的体育仲裁制度;(2 )为了弥补半独立型体育仲裁制度所固有的缺陷,建立独立型的全国性体育仲裁制度也是不可或缺的,它从机构设置和程序上保证了仲裁的独立、公正、公平性,以此来解决一些影响大的、案件复杂的体育争议,并尽量避免司法介入,以维持体育裁决的威严性,保持体育竞赛规则的统一性和稳定性,并最终促进体育事业和产业的发展;(3 )从西方发达国家的行业仲裁制度发展来看,建立多元的仲裁制度是很普遍的,如美国体育仲裁制度、“美国证券仲裁制度”,“加拿大体育仲裁制度”等,可以说,这是行业仲裁制度未来发展的一大趋势。因此,从长远来看,建立我国二元的体育仲裁制度是必要的。

The authors of this paper believed that it is necessary for Chinese sport to establish a multilevel sports arbitration organization and break the single sports arbitration institutional system after using American sports arbitration institutional system for reference. According to the present status of Chinese sport system and the developing level of Chinese sport arbitration system, it is acceptable to build a conjoint organization, which has the characteristics of independence and partly independence. The reason of reforming in this way is because there is still a lot of localization and shortage existed in Chinese sports arbitration institutional system and we still have to use the inner sports organization for dealing with most of the disputes in order to solve all the problems in a more inexpensive, more flexible as well as faster way. That effective way can only be done within the inner sports arbitration institutional organization. On the other hand, it is also necessary for Chinese sport to establish an independent sports arbitration institutional organization in order to solve all the important sports problems in a fair and square, equity, justice way and also in order to avoid to lawsuit in a court, but still maintain the authority of sports arbitration so as that the sports regulation and rules can be put into action in a stability and oneness way. It is also an international developing tendency for establishing a multilevel sports arbitration organization from the sports developed countries point of view. In that case, it is necessary for Chinese sport to build two levels of sports arbitration institutional system in the long run. There are three alternative models for us to choose. One is the conjoint sport arbitration institutional system organized by sports federations and Chinese Olympic Committee. The other is the conjoint sport arbitration institutional system organized by sports federations and normal arbitration organization. The third one is the conjoint sport arbitration institutional system organized by sports federations and normal sport arbitration organization.