中国城镇化过程中的建设用地评价指数探讨

Discussion on the Index of Appraisal on Constructive Land of China During Urbanization

本文通过对城市化内涵的分析和我国城镇化过程中土地资源利用问题的研究,发现科学合理的城镇化并不会对耕地带来威胁,而是提高土地利用效率和保护耕地的有效途径。因为世界经验表明,城市化水平越高,土地集约化利用程度越高。我国当前土地资源利用的问题在于,农村人口非农化的过程中,城镇规模扩大,而农村居民点用地并没有减少,部分地区反而呈现出快速增加趋势,而且"两栖"占地、空心村现象严重。同时,我国农村居民点建设用地总量规模很大,是城镇用地的建设用地规模的6倍以上,如果在人口城镇化过程中积极开展农村居民点整理工作,减少两栖占地现象,农村居民点整理必然为城镇扩展提供动力。当然,有农村居民点作为城镇扩展后备土地来源并不意味着就可以盲目地扩展城镇建设用地规模了,由于农村居民点整理涉及到很多方面的问题,是个漫长的过程,因此目前最为关键的解决途径是提高城镇土地利用集约化水平,提高土地利用率和建筑容积率。而发展农地规模化经营,有利于此目标的实现。基于此,文章尝试定义了土地利用城市化指数:LUUI=(城镇用地+工矿用地+交通用地) 农村居民点用地,并验证其可行性,旨在倡导城市化过程中土地资源的科学合理配置,减弱城镇建设与耕地保护的矛盾。

Analyzing the significance of urbanization and land use problem of China in urbanization process, we find that scientific and rational urbanization is not a threaten to arable land, on the contrary, it is a effective way to enhance land use efficiency and protect arable land, as the higher urbanization level is, the more intensive the land use is. The paper analyzes the problem and characteristics of land use in China. Firstly, rural settlement area is five times larger than the urban area in China, and the rural settlement could provide large space for urban expansion, as per capita urban land is much less than the per capita rural settlement. Secondly, land use degree in urban areas of China is 10 percent of that of global average level. So the ultimate way to resolve the problem of insufficient land resource during urbanization is to increase land use intensity. Thirdly, urbanization will speed up scale arable land management, so as to improve agriculture land use utility. Therefore, scientific and rational urbanization will not threaten arable land but improve land use intensity. In order to direct rational urbanization so as to weakening the contradiction between urban expansion and arable land decreasing, the land use urbanization index (LUUI) is defined and testified in the end of the paper. LUUI=(urban land +industrial land in rural area +traffic land)/(rural settlement land). The Pearson Correlation between LUUI and PUI (population urbanization index) is R^2=0.826~*.The result indicates that LUUI can well express the urbanization degree from the land use point of view. The cluster analysis of PUI and LUUI suggests that some high industrialization areas don't mean high urbanization, because the people who work in industry and live in town are still agricultural population and they could keep their rural settlement when they live in town. In the end of the paper, the authors bring forward that rational urbanization is not due to expansion of construction land, but rational structure and intensive use of construction land.