吞吐型湖泊最小生态需水研究

Minimum Ecological Water Requirements for Lakes Taking in - Sending Out Water

湖泊最小生态需水是协调社会经济用水和湖泊生态用水关系的核心。本文研究了湖泊最小生态需水的理论和计算方法。根据水文循环原理,吞吐型湖泊生态需水由入湖生态需水、湖区生态需水和出湖生态需水3部分组成。湖区最小生态需水分为湖泊最低生态水位、湖区最小生态耗水两个方面。入湖最小生态需水是为了满足湖区和出湖最小生态需水而必须对湖泊补充的水分。湖区最小生态需水是为了维持湖泊最低生态水位而必须保留和消耗的水分。出湖最小生态需水不仅要满足湖泊自身水量更新的需求,而且要满足下游河道的生态需水。根据河流连续体原理,用湖泊出口河道的最小生态需水作为湖泊出湖最小生态需水。提出湖泊最小生态需水计算模型。湖泊最小生态需水的各个部分均有其不同的生态作用,其中某个部分的变化都会对湖泊生态系统产生影响。

Minimum ecological water requirement of the lakes is a core of coordination between social and economic water uses and ecological water uses for lakes. But the correspondence research is at a primary stage. Hydrological cycle element is the most active and decisive element in the lake ecosystem. Based on the theory of hydrological cycle, it is put forward that ecological water requirements are composed of ecological water requirements in lake entrance and that in lake area and outlet. Minimum ecological water requirements in the lake area are composed of the lowest ecological water levels and net evaporations and seepages. Minimum ecological water requirements in the lake entrance are to meet the minimum ecological water requirements in the lake area and that in the outlet. Minimum ecological water requirements in the lake area are to meet the lowest ecological water levels and net evaporations and seepages. Minimum ecological water requirements in lake outlet are to satisfy the lake water recycle and minimum ecological water requirements in the downstream. Based on principle of river continuum, minimum ecological water requirements in the lake outlet are that required in downstream riverbed. A calculation model of minimum ecological water requirements in the lake area and that in the outlet are put forward. Water amounts that taken into lakes, lake water level, and ecological water consumption in the lake area and water flowing out of the lake are playing an important ecological role in a lake ecosystem. Changes of any of these elements can influence the lake ecosystem.