黑河中游典型灌区水资源供需平衡及其安全评估

Analysis on Supply and Demand of Water Resources and Evaluation of the Security of Water Resources in Irrigation Region of the Middle Reaches of Heihe River ,Northwest China

结合黑河干流高崖水文站至平川大桥水文站区域的气象、水文、土壤、植被、种植结构、经济发展等资料建立黑河中游典型灌区水资源供需平衡模式,并对其进行安全评估。结果表明,黑河分水对中游典型灌区的影响主要表现在地表水利用量减少、地下水开采量增加、地下水水位逐年下降。现状年地下水开潜力很小,甚至有些灌区开采潜力严重不足,超采严重。现状年各灌区水资源供需平衡都已经接近安全警戒线,平川灌区已经超过安全警戒线,若今后在水资源管理、地表水和地下水统一调度、农业节水等方面没有重大突破,黑河流域水资源和生态环境安全问题将更加复杂化。

The model of supply and demand of water resources was established, combined with meteorological, hydrological, soil condition, planting industry structure, vegetation and economic development of irrigation region in the middle reaches of Heihe river, northwest China to develop a calculation and evaluation model of regional supply and demand of water resources. After unified management of water resources in Heihe river basin between Gansu Province and Inner Mongolia in China, the amount of surface water from Heihe river decreased and that of groundwater increased, the volume of groundwater mining is increasing and the groundwater table is rising in studied regions now. The groundwater exploitation potential of irrigation region is less than the permissible utilization volume of groundwater, groundwater overdraft is remarkable in irrigation region. This paper has also proposed the measures to meet water security in the middle stream and related suggestion has been raised to guarantee this balance. It is found that water supply and water demand was safe in 1997, but water supply was not safe in 2003. If the water resources management, surface water and groundwater planning, the patterns and techniques of optimum utilization of water and land in this region would be tackled, the problem of the security of supply and demand of water resource and eco-environment is confronted with the baptism of Heihe river basin.