黄土丘陵区中尺度生态经济系统健康诊断方法探索

Approach to Health Diagnoses of Eco-Economic System in Mesoscale in Loess Hilly Area

生态经济系统健康是黄土高原水土保持与生态建设的目标。本文在分析流域生态系统健康特征和诊断指标筛选原则的基础上,构建了一套适合于该区中尺度生态经济系统健康诊断指标体系。以均方差决策法确定了各指标的权重,运用递阶多层次综合法、线性加权函数法分别建立了二级层次和综合指标健康诊断模型――健康指数。采用比较生态学方法,分析研究黄土丘陵区中尺度生态经济系统健康空间和时间动态变化。结果表明,该区系统健康状况相对稳定,在不同途径生态恢复措施实施过程中,流域健康指数呈逐年波动式上升趋势(由建设前的0.2125增大的现在的0.5188),具有可持续发展能力。同时,以现实生态经济最佳水平为目标,引入障碍度、优势度等概念,对该区中尺度系统健康进行空间维上的障碍和优势诊断,并据此提出了不同模式建设的对策和建议,为该区生态环境建设提供科学依据。

Ecosystem health is the aim of soil conservation and ecosystem rehabilitation on the Loess Plateau. In this paper, based on the analysis of the ecosystem health situation and its diagnoses, a set of indictors of eco-economic system in mesoscale was established in loess hilly area. The mean square deviation was used to calculate the weight, and compositive appraisement method of hierarchy multiplayer and the linear weighted function were introduced to build the two levels and integrated indicator of health diagnoses model – the health index. The dynamics of health indicators for its time and space of changes were also analyzed. The results showed that under different re-habilitation practices the watershed ecosystem health had improved from 0.2125 to 0.5188, and were able to develop sustainably. By analysis of limiting degree and the advantage degree, different management approaches were suggested in improving the health situation which provided a scientific base for restoration of watershed ecosystem in this region.