基督教第三次入华与康熙末年的禁教

The Third Christian Mission To China and Prohibition of Religion in Late Kangxi Era

明清之际基督教继唐、元代之后第三次入华,来华的西方天主教各修会之间为是否遵行中国传统礼仪的问题发生争执,即所谓'礼仪之争',这种争执最后发展为中西意识形态的对抗.康熙皇帝站在维护中国传统文化的立场上,反驳西方天主教对于中国文化的指责,并由此决定全面禁教.

In late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, the third wave of Christian mi ssions came to China after Tang and Yuan's mission, but different denominations disputed on whether to abide by Chinese traditional etiquette. This was so- cal led Dispute over Etiquette. Then this dispute among Catholic denominations incre asingly became the ideological confrontation between East and West. To defend Ch inese traditional culture, Emperor Kangxi refuted the criticism of Western Catho lic Clergyman, deciding to prohibit the dissemination of Western religion from p artial prohibition to whole exclusion