美国网络纠纷诉讼管辖权的司法实践及其发展趋势

Justice practice and developing trend of jurisdiction over the Internet case in USA

美国依据传统"长臂管辖"的基础理论来解决网络纠纷诉讼管辖的问题。通过一系列案例,特别是1997年在Zip-po诉Zippo.com案中,宾西法尼亚州法院创造了"滑动范围",对因网络纠纷提起的诉讼管辖作了三种类型的区分。其核心内容是通过具体考察网址在整个法律关系中的作用以及联系程度,来确定受诉法院是否具有管辖权。

The United States solves the problem of jurisdiction over the Internet case by the traditional theory of 'long-arm jurisdiction'. Through a series of cases, especially the 1997' s case of Zippo Manufacturing Co. Zip-po. com, the federal court for the Western District of Pennsylvania created a' sliding scope ' test for determining long-arm jurisdiction in case involving the Internet. The effect and the contact level of web site decide whether or not the court has the jurisdiction over the Internet case.