沈德潜与《古诗源》

Shen Deqian and Origin of Ancient Poems

《古诗源》是中国诗学史上一部十分重要而且著名的经典选本。沈德潜在选诗时坚持如下原则:(1)追求雅正;(2)注重襟怀抱负;(3)推崇至性至情;(4)展示源流新变。《古诗源》的价值首先在于比较完整清晰地展示了唐前诗歌发展嬗变的轨迹,比较全面充分地展现了唐前诗歌创作的具体成就。其次,它所选录的作品,反映了不同时代的风云变幻,记录了社会风尚的变迁,是读者了解历史演变,认识时代发展的形象史料。再次,《古诗源》集中了唐以前《诗经》、《楚辞》以外古诗的精华,是对本阶段古诗的一次美的巡礼。《古诗源》也有局限,儒家诗教的束缚,在该书的编选中烙下了鲜明的印痕,使一部分诗歌的取舍有所失当。

Origin of Ancient Poems is a very important and famous classical anthology in Chinese poetic history. Shen Deqian, in compilation, insisted on:(1) grace and seriousness;(2)expression of aspiration and will;(3)true feelings;(4)identification of the sources and changes. The values of such an anthology are as follows: 1st, providing a clear map of the development and transformation of poetry and the poetic achievements before Tang Dynasty; 2nd, the works selected reflecting social changes of different times and recording the changes in social manners for readers to understand historical evolution and development through vivid historical materials; 3rd, accumulating the gems of the ancient poems out of Ancient and Songs of the South before Tang Dynasty, thus offering a parade of beauty in those ancient poems. Yet Origin of Ancient Poems has its limitations. Confucian poetics inevitably left its imprints on the anthology, leading to the improper selection.