19世纪中后期汉学书院与科举关系论略

Relationships between the Ancient Han Schools and the Imperial Examinations in the Late 19th Century

在诂经精舍和学海堂的影响之下,专门研习汉学的书院数量大为增加,不少科举出身的地方官吏将创立汉学书院作为改变书院片面追求科举的重要途径。然而随着乾嘉汉学地位的日渐式微,汉学书院也不得不教授科举之学。与此同时,不少以培养科举人才为主要任务的考课式书院也重视汉学教学,汉学书院与考课式书院都向培养科举人才方向靠拢,二者以是否开展科举教学为界线的区别逐渐消失。

The number of ancient academies, especially the Han schools, increased quickly with Ruanyuan's promotion. In order to change the status that ancient academies were absorbed in imperial examinations, some local officials participated in building ancient academies for Han-learning. Along with the weakening influence of Han school, ancient academies for Han-learning had to teach knowledge of the imperial examinations. Whilst, some exam-oriented ancient academies taught knowledge of Han-learning to improve students' ability to pass the imperial examinations, so the difference between the ancient academies for Han-learning and the exam-oriented ancient academy disappeared gradually.