落叶松杂种优势分析及家系选择

The Analysis and Selection for Families of Hybrid Larch

为探讨落叶松杂种优势,选出生长量高的杂交组合,对设在黑龙江省林口县的23年生63 个落叶松家系子代测定林木胸径生长并进行了分析。结果表明,落叶松种间生长量存在极显著差异,杂种落叶松具有明显的生长优势,尤其是以日本落叶松为母本,长白落叶松、兴安落叶松为父本的杂种优势更为明显。日本落叶松×长白落叶松的杂种优势为3.2%,超亲优势为3.1%,日本落叶松×兴安落叶松、日本落叶松×长白落叶松的生长分别超过对照15.1%和13.4%。由于种间、种内家系间差异都达显著水平,在充分利用种间杂种优势的基础上,还进行了种内亲本个体的选择,选出的10个优良家系的平均值超过对照34.1%,可在牡丹江地区推广。日本落叶松和兴安落叶松正反交子代在胸径生长量上存在极显著差异,正交子代平均生长量超过反交子代8.5%,正交子代在优良家系数量方面也比反交的好。

In order to study hybrid vigour of larch,select the optimal combinations of high growth yield and supply production with fine variety,the diameter growth of 63 larch families in 23 years old from the progeny trial in Linkou,Heilongjiang province was measured and analysed.The results show that there is an extremely significant difference in yield of larch interspecies.Hybrid larch has obvious growth predominance,especially the hybrid vigour of Larix kaempferi as female parent and L.olgensis and L.gmelini as male parent is more obvious.Hybrid vigour is 3.2% and superparent vigour is 3.1% in the combination of L.kaempferi×L.olgensis.The growth of L.kaempferi×L.gmelini and L.kaempferi×L.olgensis exceeds that of check of local of larch by 15.1% and 13.4% respectively.Because the differences of interspecific families and intraspecific families reach a remarkable level,selection for intraspecific parent individuals should be valued on the basis of fully utilizing interspecific hybrid vigour.The averages of 10 good families that have been selected exceed that of check by 34.1%.They are good for spreading in Mudanjiang area. It shows a significant difference in diameter growth between the reciprocal crosses of L.kaempferi×L.gmelini and L.gmelini×L.kaempferi.Average growth of the former exceeds the latter by 8.5% and the former has more superior families in amount than the latter .