中外优秀跨栏运动员跑的节奏与速度变化的时空特征研究

Research on Time-space Characteristics of Rhythm and Speed Changes of Domestic and Foreign Elite Athletes of Hurdle Event

运用文献资料法、特征解析法和数理统计等研究方法,对世界优秀跨栏运动员跑的节奏与速度变化的时空特征进行研究。研究揭示,不同水平400m栏运动员全程跑的节奏表现出一定的差异,其中竞技水平高的运动员采用A型变换节奏的人数最多,而竞技水平稍低的运动员采用的变换节奏则由D型向G型变化;世界优秀110m栏运动员栏间跑的最大速度出现在下第6栏时,女子运动员栏间跑的最大速度则出现在下第5栏时;百米栏途中跑的栏前支撑时间与跨栏步腾空时间之比约为1:3,下栏后支撑时间与跨栏步腾空时间之比约为1:4,男女运动员栏前水平速度与栏后水平速度的变化幅度约为3.5%～5.5%。

With the combination of documentary analysis, characteristics analysis, and statistics analysis, this study explores and analyzes time-space characteristics of rhythm and speed changes of domestic and foreign elite athletes of hurdle. The findings of the study can be summarized as follows: the running rhythm of the entire running has a certain difference among the different competitive capacity 400metre athletes, in particular, the athletes with high-level competitive capacity usually adopt the rhythm of Type A, while the athletes with low-level competitive capacity often adopt the rhythm transferring from Type D to Type G; the maximum speed of male hurdle athletes generally occurs at the sixth hurdle, while the maximum speed of female hurdle athletes usually appears at the fifth hurdle; The time rate of supporting time and soaring time of hurdle steps is one versus three, while the time rate of support time of hurdle down and soar time of hurdle step is one versus four. The change range of horizontal speed of front hurdle and behind hurdle is nearly 3.5% to 5.5%.