合成射流技术及其在流动控制中应用的进展

ADVANCES IN SYNTHETIC JET TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IN FLOW CONTROL

流动控制是流体技术最主要的研究领域,21世纪的空气动力学将在流动控制领域取得重大突破;合成射流是一种基于旋涡运动的零质量射流,是流动控制领域近10年来最热门活跃的流动主动控制技术.首先介绍了合成射流激励器及激励器的基本类型,并概括了激励器的主要发展方向,即宽频域、高动量、“强壮”的合成射流激励器和微小型激励器.尔后,对合成射流激励器工作原理、合成射流结构以及合成射流独特的流场特征和合成射流技术的特点进行了综述.最后着重对合成射流技术主要和潜在应用,如流动分离及气动力控制、射流矢量控制、增强掺混及加强传热和传质、抑制噪声、微流体控制、飞行控制以及粒子的散布控制、合成射流陀螺仪技术等进行了介绍和综述,同时对其在各应用领域的控制机理进行了归纳总结.

Flow control is one of important areas of research in fluid technology, and in the 21st century, the most important breakthrough in aerodynamics may be in the area of flow control. The synthetic jet, a zero mass flux jet based on vortex dynamics, has been a remarkable and promising active flow control technology in the recent decade. First, the synthetic jet actuators and the main types of actuators are introduced briefly in this paper. The developments of actuators are summarized: the high-frequency, high-power, robust synthetic jet actuators and the mini-actuators. Secondly, the operation principle of a synthetic jet actuator, the formation of a synthetic jet, the unique characteristics of the synthetic jet flow-field and the characteristics of the synthetic jet technology are summarized. Lastly, the main and potential applications of the synthetic jet for flow control, such as flow separation control, aerodynamic control, jet vectoring control, mixing augmentation, heater and mass transfer enhancement, flow-induced noise suppression, micro-fluidic flow control, flight control, particle scattering and synthetic jet gyroscope, are introduced, and the main controlling mechanisms for these applications are also discussed.