抗虫杂交棉的高产理论与栽培技术

High-yielding mechanism and cultivation techniques in Bt hybrid cotton

为推动抗虫杂交棉在山东的推广利用,对抗虫杂交棉鲁棉研15号等品种的高产机理和栽培技术进行了研究和总结。研究结果表明,抗虫杂交棉较好地协调了产量构成三因素的关系,一般比现在推广的常规抗虫棉品种增产10%～20%。增产的主要原因在于杂交棉叶面积增长快、光合午休不明显,干物质积累快而多。抗虫杂交棉早发早熟,但因叶面积载荷量大、根冠比小,干旱年份易呈现早衰熟相。综合分析山东各棉区的生态和生产条件,认为鲁西南为杂交棉最适宜种植区,应重点发展;鲁西北为适宜种植区,应适度发展;其它棉区为基本不宜种植区,应限制发展。当前杂交棉的种植应主要采取高投入高产出的超高产栽培或节本高效的“精稀简”栽培技术。

To enhance Bt hybrid cotton production in Shandong province, high-yielding mechanism and cultivation techniques for Bt hybrid cotton were studied with 2 hybrid and 6 non-hybrid Bt cotton varieties from 2001 to 2004. The results of average across 4 years showed that lint yield in Bt hybrid cotton was increased by 10%～20% through incorporation of three yield components relative to that in non-hybrid Bt cotton. Yield increase was mainly attributed to significantly higher leaf area index, faster dry matter accumulation and slighter mid-day depression of photosynthesis in hybrid cotton. However, Bt hybrid cotton exhibited more severe premature senescence particularly in drought years due to heavier boll load and lower roots/stems ratio than the control cotton 33B. Based on an integrated analysis of ecological and production conditions in Shandong, we proposed that the southwest of Shandong could be an optimum area for Bt hybrid cotton production and should be developed intensively, the north west of Shandong is a relatively suitable area to grow and should be developed moderately, but other areas should be restricted in growing hybrid cotton. Currently Bt hybrid cotton growing can be managed with a super high yielding system through intensive input or a cost-saving system.