论建筑事故经济损失的分担

Discussion on the Share of Pecuniary Loss in Construction Accident

长期以来,我国建筑事故频繁发生,给国家、企业和个人造成了很大的经济损失,也给社会带来了不安定因素。笔者认为建筑事故经济损失的分担不仅是经济、安全问题,也是一个法律问题。在事故发生后不仅要查清人员的伤亡情况、事故经过、原因分析、责任人处理、人员教育、措施制定、事故经济损失,还要弄清法律问题,要依法问责或依法问罪,也是行政法律问题,依法行政处罚和处分,还是民事法律问题,依法承担民事赔偿。笔者认为企业最好采用保险和非保险转嫁方式把事故造成的经济损失转移出去,减轻自己的负担。只有在找不到其他更好的处置方法,或是为了经济上的节约而并不影响自身的财务稳定且有控制风险的能力,或不知道风险的存在,或虽知风险存在,但由于预测失误、忽略而导致损失,才自己承担。当事故发生后要通过法定程序来确定的建筑事故经济损失是由保险公司、合同另一方和企业分担。

The construction accident has occurred frequently in China for a long time, and has caused great pecuniary loss to the nation, enterprise and individuals forming an unstable factor to society. How to share pecuniary loss in construction accident is not only an economic and safety problem, but also a legal problem. When accident occurs, not only the casualty should be checked, but also should analyze the causation of the accident, ascertain where the responsibility lies, draw lessons from the accident, establish countermeasures and make clear the pecuniary loss and legal problem, whether it is an administrative legal problem or a problem of civil liability. The enterprise had better to transfer from insurance or non-insurance the pecuniary loss to reduce its own burden. Only when there is no other good way could be found, or when the enterprise has the ability to control the risk, at the same time there will be no impact on financial stability and for the sake of saving in economy, or when the risk is unknown, or although the risk is known but the loss is caused by error in prediction and negligence, the enterprise should take the burden as its own. After the accident occurs, legal procedures should be followed as to ascertain the economic loss should be undertaken by insurance company, the other side of contractor, or the enterprise its own.