水中触电危险性浅析及对策研究

Preliminary Analysis on the Risk of Electric Shock in Water and Its Countermeasures

通过典型事故案例分析,针对具有水中触电危险场所及极度潮湿场所触电事故多发、隐患严重以及相关技术标准不健全的现状,对水中触电危险性及预防这一课题进行了初步分析与研究,通过实验,初步了解了水的导电特性以及在带电的水中电压、电位差分布状况;对人体在带电的水中受到电击时的电压分布,触电电流走向进行了分析。笔者提出多项改进措施,在接地、接零系统中采用大幅度降低保护零线阻抗和重复接地电阻值以及加强等电位措施,正确使用漏电开关及安全隔离变压器等方法。上述改进措施具有一定的实用价值和可操作性,从而解决具有水中触电危险场所及极度潮湿场所的电气安全问题。

In accordance with the frequently-occurring accidents of electric-shock in the high-damp and hazardous locations, and the absence of relevant technical criteria, the problem of the risk and the prevention of electric-shock in water is preliminarily studied. Through experiments the electric conductivity of water, the existing voltage and electric potential difference, and the voltage distribution and the trend of electric current when human body is shocked by electric in water are observed. Several improvements are put forward in ground system, which could greatly reduce the impedance of the grounding conductor and duplicate grounding resistance, enhance the balanced voltage, and the correct usage of ground-fault circuit-interrupter and safe disconnecting transformer. These improvements show certain practical value and operability in solving the electric safety of electric-shock in water in hazardous and damp locations.