交往和实践是社会发展的两大主动轮

Communication and Practice Are Two Main Forces That Push the Society Forward

对交往与实践的关系,在前苏联、西方和国内一些马克思研究者那里都有所论述,但也都有所不足。马克思虽没有直接指明在历史发展过程中交往活动和实践活动有什么直接关系。但他在《德意志意识形态》中,对二者的关系做了大量的论述。本文从马克思的重要文本《德意志意识形态》入手,梳理了马克思交往观和实践观;再从人类历史发展的各个不同阶段,论述了交往和实践在社会发展中所起的作用,得出一个新的结论:人类历史不是只靠实践推动的“独轮车”,而是由实践和交往共同推动的“双轮车”。

On the relationship between interaction and practice, some Marxism researchers in the former Soviet Union, the Western countries, and China have put forward their views, which, however, seem insufficient. Though Marx did not point out exactly what is the direct relationship between interactive activities and practical experiences in history, he did a lot of analyses about this in his book Consciousness Figures in Germany. Based on hia masterpiece, this paper is trying to make clear of Marx’s notion on interaction and practice, analyze how they work in social development respectively in different stage of human development in history and finally, bring about a new conclusion: human history is not a “single-wheel cart” pushed forward by practice only, it is a “double-wheel cart” pushed forward by the integration of interaction and practice.