微生物单井处理技术及其现场应用效果分析

Single well microbial treatment technology and the effect of field application

通过分析含蜡原油和常规稠油的不同族组分的特点,有针对性地筛选出具防蜡作用的细菌F18菌组和具降黏作用的F16菌组,并通过其与原油作用实验探索细菌防蜡和降黏的机理.研究表明,F18菌组对长链脂肪烃的降解能力强,产表面活性剂能力强,经F18菌组作用后,原油中对结蜡贡献较大的烷烃组分减少,使原油含蜡量和凝固点下降;F16菌组能降低原油黏度,对黏度50～3000mPa·s(50℃)的原油的降黏率在30%～85%,经F16菌组作用后,原油的非烃组分减少,同时代谢产物中的生物表面活性剂能有效地改善常规稠油的流动性.已在696口油井上实施了微生物单井处理,取得了显著的增油和油井维护效果.已累计增油72843.5t,平均单井增油104.66t.其油井维护作用(特别是对含蜡油井)主要表现为延长热洗周期甚至代替热洗和减少化学药剂的用量.

Based on the components of waxy oil and conventional heavy oil, the groups of microbe F18 and F16 were selected, in which F18 has the ability to inhibit the deposition of the waxy components, and F16 has the ability to reduce viscosity of the heavy oil. The results show that F18 can degrade the long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon which contribute to the deposition of wax, and produce bio-surfactant. The percentage of waxy components of oil and the solidification point are all decreased. F16 can reduce non-hydrocarbon components and produce bio-surfactant; thereby the mobility of oil is increased. The ratio of oil viscosity reduction is 30%-85% when oil viscosity is 50-3000 mPa·s (50°C). The microbial method has been used in 696 wells. The oil production has been enhanced significantly in these wells and the accumulated incremental oil production has amount to 72843.51, with average incremental oil production of 104.661 per well. The hot washing cycle is lengthened or completely replaced by the new method, and the chemical usage is also decreased.