北疆盐碱地采用生物措施后的土壤盐分变化

Salinity Changes for 15 Years of Bioreclamation of SaIine Soil in Xinjiang

本文是地下水位3～5m、壤土质地条件下盐碱地长期生物改良田间试验的结果,结果表明:种植耐盐冬小麦套播草木樨是最好的脱盐方式,经过1年,1m土层平均盐分由1.989%降到0.282%,脱盐率达85.82%;种植耐盐牧草套播草木樨、苜蓿是比较好的脱盐方式:经过3年,1m土层平均盐分由1.34%降到0.524%,脱盐率60.90%;密植枸杞4年后,1m土层平均盐分由2.363%降到0.800%,脱盐率为66.14%,适应于盐分特别高的土壤改良;施有机肥种植作物(植物)灌溉,是完善的改良盐碱地方法,一方面,在灌溉水作用下盐分被淋溶,另一方面在有机肥作用下,降低了0～40cm土层残余HCO-比例.15年盐碱地改良与利用证明:脱盐后的土地利用时,需考虑深根与浅根、多根与少根作物的适配轮作,以免导致土壤上层盐分回升;未施有机肥的高度脱盐,可能引起土壤上层碱化,即残余HCO-比例很大.

The result was produced by the study of bioreclamation saline soil for long period in 3 -5m ground water table and silt loam soil. The result displayed: It was the best mode of desalination to plant salt-tolerant wheat and Meliatus officnlis in saline/alkaline ground and the soil salinity reduced to 0.282% from 1.989% at 0-100cm soil layer in one year. The desalination ratio was 85.82%. It was a better mode to plant salt - tolerant grazing and Meliatus officnlis/ Madicago sativa, the soil salinity reduced to 0.524% from 1.34% at 0 -100cm soil layer in 3 years, the desalination ratio is 60.90%. The denseness planting Lycium barbarum adapted to the soil of more salinity, the soil salinity reduced to 0.80% from 2.363% at 0 - 100cm soil layer in 4 years, the desalination ratio was 66.14%. The apply manure is consummate mode of the soil improving which the salinity was eluviated and leaved behind a fat lot residual HCO-in 0-40cm soil player. To avoid the salinity increasing once again, it was proved by the study of l5 years to need the conjugation rotation of the depth and root system, thick and thin root system crop/plant in the utilization of desalination soil. In the soil upper player was alkalinized possibly without applying organic manure in the long period plantation and irrigation.