近代中国经济民族主义的多质性——以铁路外债观为考察点

The Multi-Characters of Economic Nationalism in Modern China: A Case Study of Foreign Railway Loan

经济民族主义的载体是经济问题 ,但它又并非仅局限于中外经济关系的调整 ,而是服务于总的民族主义目标。挽回利权是近代经济民族主义的起点 ;均势外交是近代中国经济民族主义工具性特性的延展 ;将经济民族主义的旗帜指向国内政治 ,则是近代中国政治革新举步维艰的曲折表现。在近代中国 ,内政与外交、外交与外债联为一体 ,互联互动 ,使策略性、功利性运用民族主义成为可能 ,使经济民族主义发生了功能的异化 ,进而形成内涵上的多质性。它深刻地展现了近代中国在发展经济与维持民族利益之间的两难选择。

The target of economic nationalism was not limited to regulate economic relationship between China and foreign countries, it accorded with the cardinal principle of nationalism. Rights recovery movement was the beginning of modern economic nationalism, and the diplomatic policy to balance powers was the extension of the instrumentalism characteristic of modern Chinese economic nationalism. Economic nationalism was used in interior politics, which reflected indirectly the hardships of political reformation in modern China. As interior affairs and diplomacy, diplomacy and foreign loans were interacted, so it was possible to handle nationalism strategically and for utilitarian aim. Therefore, economic nationalism was dissimilated in its function and its connotation became multi-characters. Economic nationalism evinced the dilemma between borrowing foreign loan and protecting national rights.