20世纪非常规指挥的若干现象探讨

A Probe into Certain Phenomena of Unconventional Conducting

西方指挥的角色从“亦此亦彼”到“由此及彼”再到“或此或彼”,其重心经历了从传统、现代到后现代的演变;主线是后现代因素逐渐增加。具体来说,就是由美学到反美学,由有序到无序,由确定到不确定,由形式到反形式,由结构到解构,由“结果”的作品到“过程”的作品,由审美距离到现场狂欢,由精英文化到世俗文化,由二元对立到多元共存,等等。这些后现代主义因素的增加,体现了西方专业音乐创作对后工业社会的反映。其中包括人“主体的消亡”、“主体零散化”、艺术与生活“界限的消融”等等。从美学上看,它的积极意义是不断的创新,消极意义是美的失落。所幸的是,后现代主义提倡多元,传统美学的存在也具有合理性。事实上,并非所有作曲家都创作后现代作品;在后现代主义盛行的时候,传统和现代主义依然在不断发出自己的声音。指挥的形象也一样,占据多数演出场合的,依然是“美的使者”。对我们而言,后现代主义指挥的表演具有重要的启发意义;至少在观念上鼓励我们不断探索的精神,激发人们的想象力和创造性,并促使大家思考后现代主义提出的诸种哲学、美学、社会学、自然科学、心理学等方面的问题。简单的否定是容易的,但是思考更具有意义。本文希望从指挥角色的演变这个“点”,引起人们对当代音乐现象和未来音乐发展的“面”的思考。

The role of a W estern conductor has been undergoing a process oftransfiguration in the sequence of “both this and that”,“from this tothat”and then“either this or that”.Its core lies in the evolution from thetraditional,the m odern to the post-m odern,with m ore inclination of theincreasing post-m odern elem ents.In other words,it is a process fromaesthetics to anti-aesthetics,from order to disorder,from form s to anti-form s,from certainty to uncertainty,from structure to destructure,fromworks in“result”to those in“process”,from aesthetic distance to live ex-ultance,from elite culture to vulgar culture,from bicultural confrontationto pluralistic coexistence,etc.These are all reflections of W estern pro-fessional m usic m akers on the post-industrial society.They contain suchconcepts as “subjective dissolution”of hum an beings,“subjective disinte-gration”,and“elim ination of disparity”between art and life.Aesthetically,they are of both the positive significance of constant renovation and thenegative significance of aesthetic losses.Fortunately, post-m odernismfavours pluralism in which traditional aestheticism also finds its properplace.In fact,it is not that all the com posers are creating post-m odernworks.In the tim es of post-m odernism ,traditions and m odernism are stilluttering their own voices.The sam e is the im age of a conductor who re-m ains the“m essenger of beauty”in m ost perform ances.To us,post-m odernconductors perform with m ore im portant significance of enlightenm ent,which encourages,at least in theory,our continuous pursuit and inspiresour im agination and creativity,so as to m ake us think of all the issuesin philosophy,aesthetics,sociology,natural sciences and psychology thatpost-m odernists have raised.A sim ple denial is easy,but reflection is ofm ore im portance.The author of this article wishes to arouse the read-ers’speculation on the “dim ension”of contem porary m usic phenom enaand future m usic developm ent from the“focal point”of the changing roleof a conductor.