自然保护区落叶松人工林物种多样性保护与经营模式

Species Diversity Protection and Management of Larch Plantation in the Nature Reserve

自然保护区内人工林的经营问题关系到自然保护区生物多样性保护与生态系统稳定性。针对我国东北林区保护区中占较大比重的落叶松人工林,研究了东折棱河自然保护区,不同经营方式和针阔混交比例的人工兴安落叶松林下生物多样性指数的变化规律。采用Simpsonindex(DS和E)和Shannon-Weinerindex(H)参数进行了计算分析。结果表明,加大阔叶树的比例,有利于提高其林下生物多样性指数。在物种多样性研究的基础上,从恢复生物多样性的角度提出了人工落叶松林的“栽针保阔”经营方式,给出了保阔的树种,可以选择水曲柳、黄檗、色木和春榆与兴安落叶松混交。混交造林时,可以通过调节树种种间关系,形成良好的林分结构,发挥其生态功能。

The management of plantation plays an important role on the protection of biodiversity and it's stability of ecosystem in the Nature Reserve of Northeastern China, Plantation of Larix gmelini occupies a large portion in this region. Based on the investigation about the species diversity in the Dongzhelenghe Nature Reserve, the difference of species diversity indices in planted Larix gmelini forests which have different proportion of coniferous trees to broad-leaved trees was analyzed by the Simpson index (DS and E) and Shannon-Weiner index(H). The result showed that the species diversity index of Larix gmelini forest which has more broad-leaved trees in ratio was much higher than that of less ones. Phellodendron amurense,Fraxinus mandshurica,Acer mono and Ulmus propinqua can be chosed as broad-leaved ones to be planted together with Larix gmelini. Adjusting the interspecific relationships between different species in order to form a balanced stand structure. This kind of management was beneficial to maintain the species diversity and enhance the ability of fire prevention in the Dongzhelenghe Nature Reserve.