重新理解理论与实践的关系

New Insights on Relationship between Theory and Practice

本文介绍了作者对理论与实践关系的一些研究心得。作者一直追问这样一个问题:在人文社会领域,一流的理论为什么往往导出失败的实践? 在《理论思维与工程思维》一书中,作者认为,其原因在于理论思维和工程思维的相互僭越:用理论思维设计工程蓝图,用工程思维建构理论体系,致使工程蓝图不可实施,理论体系缺乏效力。近年来,作者将此问题放入西方哲学史中加以考量,初步辨识出了问题的缘起与线索,确认要害在于being和实践的关系。已有的解决being问题的路径有二:一是依逻辑求本质,二是靠显现开存在。应当还有一条路:通过整合异质性因素来成就实践。理论与实践的关系或许能由此得到全新的理解。

That is, why first-class theories in humanities and social sciences often fail to bring the intended results when put to practice? The author has analyzed the situation in his work Theoretical Thinking and Project Thinking, and reasoned that the crucial point was the contradictions between the two thinking patterns. The author observes that the design of a project is usually in the theoretical thinking pattern, while the establishment of the theory is often in the project thinking pattern, resulting in impossibility of realizing the project plan and unsatisfactory validity of the theories.The author holds that the critical point is the relationship between the being and the practice. There are two existing approaches to the problem of being. One is to refer to the essence of logic, the other is to reveal its existence. There can be a third way: to readjust and integrate the heterogeneous aspects in practice.