中国的职业阶层与高等教育机会

Social Professional Classes and Higher Education Opportunities-A study on the distribution of a scarce social capital

对20世纪90年代以来的多次调查资料的深入分析表明:高等教育的阶层差距在许多方面超过了城乡经济差距。在被调查的37所本科院校中,农民与非农民子女接受高等教育机会的整体差距悬殊。更进一步的问题在于,导致这一结果的制度性原因并没有随着高等教育的爆炸性扩张而消除,相反,大幅度增加的高校收费使低收入弱势阶层的子女在面对高等教育时遭遇更大的障碍。这样,在中国的高等教育基本实现大众化的同时,如何实现其质的结构性转变,促使位于高校金字塔顶端的“一流”或“重点”大学更多地向着低社会阶层开放,就成为一项新的制度和政策课题。

Times of social survey conducted during the 1990s have shown that the hierarchical differentiation in terms of higher education opportunities is much larger than the urban-rural economic differentiation in contemporary China. According to the data of the students enrolled in the 37 universities being investigated, the chances for the non-peasants' children is much higher than those for the peasants' children. More seriously, the recent booming higher education has not lessened the structural factors of this inequality but actually made it worse. The skyrocketing tuition fee constitutes an escalating fence that frustrates more and more poor children from accessing to higher education. So along the popularization of the higher education, it has become a new, urgent topic as for how to realize the structural transition and to make the 'first-class' universities as a pyramid peak open more widely towards the low social stratum.