人力资本理论的渊源、流派和发展

Origin,schools and development of human capital theory

人力资本理论的渊源向上可以追溯到具有现代意义的经济学创始之前。从17世纪的威廉·配弟到20世纪60年代的西奥多·舒尔茨,人力资本理论由思想火花发展到完整的理论体系,在全世界推广开来。根据不同的研究重点,该理论可分为人力资本的投资———收益理论、经济增长理论、产权理论、资源配置理论4种类型,国内的研究则涉及到产权、投资、教育及收入分配等多个方面。在系统梳理了人力资本理论不同时期、不同流派的发展特点及代表人观点后,间接分析了人力资本对我国企业改制、经理人激励等现实问题的影响和作用。以期为本领域学习者和研究者提供参考。

The origin of human capital theory can be traced back to the time before the creation of modern economics. From Willian Petty in the 17th century to W.Schults in 1960s , the theory of human capital had been established and widely extended all over the world. Based on the different cores of studies, the theory can be separated into four types:investment-profit theory; economic growth theory; property right theory; resource allocation theory. In China, the research on human capital theory involves many fields such as the property right, investment, education and income distribution.The characteristics and representative view-pionts of human capital theory of different schools and different periods are described systematically.The influence and function of human capital in our country's enterprise reform,manager inspiration is also analyzed indirectly to provide reference for the learners and researchers in this field.