铁路隧道缓冲结构空气动力学特性的试验研究

Investigation of aerodynamic characteristics of tunnel portals in high-speed railway

为了研究高速列车进入隧道时在隧道内所产生的空气动力学问题,开发了一套以压缩空气作为动力来驱动列车模型的缩尺模型试验装置。通过模型试验系统对高速列车突入带开口型入口(即缓冲结构)隧道所产生的复杂压力场进行模拟,通过分析模型试验结果中的压力及压力梯度曲线所表现的规律,对该类型入口削减隧道入口处的最大压力和最大梯度值的效果进行了研究,其削减效果依赖于其各自的特征参数。最后,通过理论推导和模型试验,得到了开口型缓冲结构的最小长度的计算公式。

In order to investigate pressure waves in high-speed railway tunnel and micro-pressure waves radiated outside due to the entry of the high-speed train, a reduced-scale experiment rig has been developed,in which the model train is driven by compressed air. Complex pressure field generated by a high-speed train passing through a tunnel with a flaring portal and a windowed portal is simulated with the help of the model experiment system. The pressure and the pressure gradient curves of the results of model experiment are analyzed and the effect of tunnel windowed portals for the maxmum pressure and the maxmum pressure gradient is investigated. The results show that tunnel windowed portals can efficiently alleviate compression waves and micro-pressure waves and the alleviation effect depends on the characteristic parameters of the portals.