大豆籽粒重的遗传效应分析

Genetic effect analysis of seed weight in soybean (G. max)

以亲本、F1、F2三个世代为材料,采用混合模型方法,分析大豆百粒重的种子效应、细胞质效应和母体植株效应。结果表明,大豆籽粒重除受到种子直接加性和显性作用外,还有来自母体植株的加性和显性作用,这些效应均达到显著水平。其中母体显性效应方差最大,其次是种子直接加性效应,种子直接显性效应和母体加性效应的相对比例较小。从遗传体系来看,母体效应略高于种子直接效应。种子和母体效应的广义遗传率和狭义遗传率都达到显著水平,总的狭义遗传率达到40%。根据亲本育种值的预测,东农7819号和东农46号两亲本有利于提高籽粒重。

Five parent lines and their F_1,F_2 were used to analyze seed effects,cytoplasmic effects and maternal gene effects on seed weight of soybean by the mixed genetic model. The results indicated seed weight were controlled by seed direct additive effect,seed direct dominance effect,maternal additive effect, and maternal dominance effect. The ratio of maternal dominance effect to total genetic effect were the largest,and that of seed direct additive effect was the second. The role of seed direct dominance effect and maternal additive effects was small. The sum of maternal additive and dominance effects were larger than that of seed direct additive and dominance effects. Both the broad- and narrow-sense heritabilities of seed and maternal effects were significant at 0.01 level. The total narrow-sense heritability of seed and maternal effects was 40%. According to the prediction on breeding value,DN7819 and DN46 were better patents for the improvement of seed weight.