宁夏灌区冬小麦优化栽培数学模型研究

Study on the Mathematic Model for Optimizing Cultivation of Winter Wheat in Irrigation Area of Ningxia

就不同性状对冬小麦产量的影响进行相关分析,得出:单株粒数、穗数、穗长、结实小穗数与籽粒产量呈极显著正相关,株高为显著负相关,而经济系数与产量也呈正相关,但不显著.选择冬小麦种植的主要栽培因素密度(x1)、施氮量(x2)、施磷量(x3)、施钾量(x4)作为决策变量,采用四元正交通用旋转组合设计建立了数学模型.由此确定产量大于461.33kg/0.0667hm2,各因素水平的最优组合为:密度31.35万粒/0.0667hm2,施氮量为纯N22.52kg/0.0667hm2,施磷量为P2O513.02kg/0.0667hm2,施钾量为K2O8.44kg/0.0667hm2.

Under the field condition, winter wheat was studied in irrigation district of Ningxia .The results are shown as follow: there are significantly positive correlations between grain yield and biologic yield, grain number of per spike, harvestable number of spike, 1000-grain weight, the harvest index, and BY has the most important direct effect on biologic yield, grain number of per spike and harvestable number of spike. Four factors, growing density, N, P, and K levels were selected to be variations for decision-making. Orthogonal rotational combination design was taken and the experiment was implemented, a mathematic model was obtained. The result shows N and P is more important factor on grain yield than other factors. As a result the optimum combination is growing density 313500grain/0.0667hm2, N is 22.52kg/0.0667hm2, P_2O_5 is 13.02kg/0.0667hm2, K_2O is 8.44kg/0.0667hm2, by which yield reaches more than 461.33kg/0.0667hm2.