冰核活性细菌研究进展及其在防霜技术中的应用

A Review on the Studies of INA Bacterial and Its Application in the Technology of Frost Preventing

冰核细菌是诱发和加重植物霜冻的重要因子,通过减少和控制冰核细菌,在霜冻防治研究方面取得了一定效果.细菌冰核是一类蛋白质,称冰蛋白,由细菌冰核基因编码,据报道已有11种冰核细菌的冰核基因被克隆并在大肠杆菌中得到表达.综述了冰核细菌生物学及分子生物学特性,以及冰核细菌在防霜技术中的应用,阐述了冰核细菌的种类、影响冰核活性的成冰因素及冰核细菌和霜冻害的关系.药剂和生防菌能够防除植物上的冰核细菌,减轻或控制霜冻危害,是防御植物霜冻的一条新途径.

Ice nucleation bacteria are important factors causing and increasing plant frost and freezing injury, but treatments that reduce the numbers or activity of ice nucleation bacteria are effective on decreasing plant frost and freezing injury. Bacterial ice nuclei are proteins,named ice nucleating proteins,coded by ice nucleating genes, and 11 ice nucleating genes have been cloned,sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. This paper summarized the progress and prospective of biological characteristics and molecular biology of ice nucleation bacteria, and its application in frost preventing technology. INA bacteria activity are influenced by such factors as bacterial genotype, cell concentration, culture temperature, pH value, medium composition etc., and using pesticides and bio-control bacteria to prevent frost are new approach which may effectively control INA bacteria and reduce plant frost injury.