摘要
“公车上书”一直被认为是中国近代史上的重大事件,其主要史料是康有为的《我史》。自上世纪70年代起,黄彰健、孔祥吉、汪叔子、王凡、姜鸣、欧阳跃峰诸位研究先进即对此提出责难,先后发表了一系列的论著,但并没有完全改变学术界的基本看法。本文作者依据中国第一历史档案馆所藏档案及其已公开发表的档案文献,从政治决策高层的角度,重新审视公车上书的背景、运作过程及其影响力。本文旨在说明,有两个不同概念的“公车上书”:一是由政治高层发动、京官组织的上书,其数量多达31件,签名的举人多达1555人次,且上书已达御前;一是由康有为组织的18行省举人联名上书,那是一次流产的政治事件。本文亦说明,《我史》中的记载多处有误,是一不可靠的史料;但通过这类并不可靠的历史记录,康有为、梁启超已经成功地书写了自己的历史。
The “Joint Petition of Imperial Examination Candidates to the Emperor” has always been regarded as a matter of consequence in modern Chinese history, and the main historical materials concerning it are drawn from Kang Youwei’s My History. Since the 1970s, pioneering scholars such as Huang Zhangjian, Kong Xiangji, Wang Shuzi, Wang Fan, Jiang Ming and Ouyang Yuefeng have criticized this and published a series of articles on the subject over a period of time. However, they have not completely changed academia’s basic views. Based on records in the China Number One Historical Archives and published documents, the author reviews the background, execution and degree of influence of the “Joint Petition of Imperial Examination Candidates to the Emperor” from the angle of high-level political policy-making. The article tries to show that there are two different “Joint Petitions of Imperial Examination Candidates to the Emperor”: one was initiated by the upper levels of the government and organized by officials in the capital, consisting of as many as 31 petitions signed by 1555 imperial degree holders. This joint petition was presented to the Emperor. The other was organized by Kang Youwei and co-signed by degree holders from 18 provinces. This joint petition was an aborted political incident. The article also illustrates that there are many mistakes in My History and that it is an unreliable source. However, through this kind of unreliable historical record, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao successfully wrote their own histories and had them accepted by many historians.
出处
《近代史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2005年第3期1-43,共43页
Modern Chinese History Studies
