3Redington AE,Howarth PH.Airway wall remodeling in asthma[J].Thorax,1997,52:310-312.
4Hirst SJ.Airway smooth muscle cell culture:application to studies of airway wall remodeling and phenotype plasticity in asthma[J].Eur Respir J,1996,9:808-820.
5James AL,Hogg JC,Dunn LA,et al.The use of the interal perimeter to compare airway size and to calculate smooth muscle shortening[J].Am Rev Respir Dis,1998,138:136-139.
7Backman KS,Greenberger PA,Patterson R,et al.Airway obstruction in patients with long term asthma consistent with"irreversible asthma"[J].Chest,1997,112:1 234-1 240.
8Ebina M,Takahashi T,Chiba T,et al.Cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia of airway smooth muscles underlying bronchial asthma: a 3-D morphometric Study[J].Am Rev Respir Dis,1993,148:720-726.
9Bramley AM,Thomson RJ,Roberts CR,et al.Excessive bronchoconstruction in asthma is due to decreased airway elastance[J].Eur Respir J,1994,7:337-341.
10Broekelmann TJ,Limper AH,Cobly TV,et al. Transforming growth factor β1 is present at sites of extracellular matrix gene expression in human pulmonary fibrosis[J].Proa Natl Acad Sci USA,1991,88(15):6 642-6 646.
1Backman KS,Greenberger PA,Patterson R,et al. Airway obstruction in patients with long-term asthma consistent with 'irreversible asthma'. Chest, 1997,112(5 ) : 1234-1240.
2Hashimoto M, Tanaka H,Abe S. Quantitative analysis of bronchial wall vascularity in the medium and small airways of patients with asthma and COPD. Chest, 2005,127 ( 3 ) : 965-972.
3Bergeron C, Boulet LP. Structural changes in airway diseases: characteristics, mechanisms, consequences, and pharmacologic modulation. Chest,2006,129(4): 1068-1087.
4Harmanci E, Kebapci M, Metintas M ,et al. High-resolution computed tomography findings are correlated with disease severity in asthma. Respiration, 2002,69( 5 ) : 420-426.
5Vignola AM,Chanez P,Chiappara G,et al. Release of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and fibronectin by alveolar macrophages in airway diseases. Clin Exp Immunol, 1996,106 ( 1 ) : 114-119.
6Hoshino M, Takahashi M, Aoike N. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor,basic fibroblast growth factor,and anglogenin immunoreactivity in asthmatic airways and its relationship to angiogenesis. J Allergy Clln Immunol, 2001,107(2 ) : 295-301.
7Lee J J, MeGarry MP, Farmer SC, et al. Interleukin-5 expression in the lung epithelium of transgenic mice leads to pulmonary changes pathognomonie of asthma. J Exp Med, 1997,185 ( 12 ) : 2143-2156.
8Qiu Y,Zhu J,Bandi V,et al. Biopsy neutrophilia,neutrophil ehemokine and receptor gene expression in severe exacerbations of ehrenie obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2003,168(8):968-975.
9Henderson WR Jr, Tang LO,Chu SJ,et al. A role for cysteinyl in airway remodeling in a mouse asthma model. Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2002,165( 1 ): 108-116.
10Mautino G, Henriquet C, Jaffuel D, et al. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from asthmatic subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 1999,160( 1 ) : 324 -330.