“感”·“象”·“数”——《周易》经传象数观念的哲学人类学释读

Image, Number, and Communication: A philosophically anthropological interpretation of the image-number in the Text and Commentaries of Zhouyi

象数观念是《周易》经传乃至易学中的基础和核心观念。历来对象数观念的理解和解释,往往局限于象数观念本身,而对《周易》经传的产生背景、以及其中的另一个重要观念———“感”,则关注不够。本文从哲学人类学的视角,在考察《周易》经传的产生背景以及“感”、“象”、“数”三者之间关系的基础上,认为《周易》经传中的象数观念其实是原始时代的感性具体的思维方式及其宇宙观的积淀。具体说来,“数”也是“象”,它们本来都是“互渗”或“交感”的中介;换句话说,《周易》经传象数观念的最终依据其实是感;象数因感而蕴涵着向天道观和伦理观发挥的可能性。

The concept of image-number is a basic and kernel concept in the Text and Commentaries of Zhouyi and even in the Yi learning of later generations. The interpretation and understanding to the concept of image-number in the past were often limited to the concept itself, lacking attentions to the background by which the Text and Commentaries of Zhouyi came into being and another important concept of Gan, communication. From the visual angle of philosophical anthropology and based upon the background and the relationship between image, number, and communication, this paper holds that the concept of image-number in the Text and Commentaries of Zhouyi is actually a sediment of the conceptual thinking mode and cosmology of the primitive period. Concretely speaking, “number” also designates “image”, for they are mutually connected and pervasive. In other words, the finial basis of the concept of image-number is communication, for it is owing to communication that the image and number conceives the possibility to be extended to cosmological and ethical theories.