高海拔地区尘肺病死亡调查分析

The Analysis and Investigation of Death from Pneumoconiosis in High Altitude Area

[目的]探讨高海拔地区尘肺患者的死亡特点及其规律。[方法]对2000-4500m海拔地区1955-2003年间2762例尘肺确诊病例(死亡648例、现患2114例)的基本情况、合并肺结核及死亡等资料逐一填写尘肺流调卡片并建立数据库,用SPSS8.0统计软件进行统计分析。[结果]尘肺种类以煤工尘肺(1938例)为主,占70.17%;其次是矽肺(670例),占24.26%。全死因病死率为23.46%,与全国平均水平相近。尘肺平均死亡年龄为(60.6±9.2)岁,随死亡年代平均死亡年龄明显延长(P<0.01)。尘肺合并结核282例,合并率10.21%(282/2762),尘肺结核病死率(63.83%)远高于单纯尘肺病死率(18.87%)。尘肺前三位死因依次为肺心病、尘肺和肺结核。[结论]高海拔地区尘肺患者多死于慢性肺源性心脏病,对高原地区尘肺病患者健康监护应有所侧重。

[Objective] To analyze and investigate distribution characteristics of death and the causes of death from pneumocomo-sis in high altitude area. [Methods] 2762 cases in high altitude area(2000-4500 m) between 1955-2003 years.The cases database was established according to national pneumoconiosis epidemiology survey method. Results] Coal workers' pneumoconiosis was the most common and silicosis was the next(70.17% and 24.26% respectively) .The death rate was 23.46% .The average death age was (60.6±9.2) and increased year by year(P<0.01) . There were 282 patients with pneumoconiosis and tuberculosis, accounted 10.21% of all, and its death rate(63.83 %) was far higher than that of pneumoconiosis alone(18.87%,P<0.01). Cor pulmonale, pneumoconiosis itself and pulmonary tuberculosis were the three principal causes of death. [Conclusion] Cor pulmonale was the most common cause of death from pneumoconiosis in high altitude area. Occupational health surveillance for pneumoconiosis should be emphasized.