基于生态足迹模型的贵州可持续发展能力定量评价

Quantitative Measure For Sustainable Development In Guizhou Based on Ecological Footprint Model

定量测度可持续发展能力是目前可持续发展研究的重要课题和前沿领域.其核心是确定人类是否生存于生态系统的承载力范围内.本文介绍了WackernagelM等1996年以来提出和发展的可持续发展的定量测度方法———生态足迹法,并运用此方法计算和分析了贵州省2001年的生态足迹.其生态足迹由三个部分组成:1)生物资源;2)能源消费;3)贸易调整.按照这种方法计算,贵州省2001年人均生态足迹为1.49525hm2,人均生态足迹赤字为1.153433hm2.反映出目前贵州的生产、生活强度已经超过了生态系统的承载能力,区域生态系统处于人类的过度开发利用和压力之下.在此基础上作者提出了提高贵州省可持续发展能力的途径,最后还讨论了方法本身存在的一些缺陷.

The quantitative measurement of sustainable development has become one of the frontiers of the present sustainable development research,whose core is to determine whether mankind survives within the bearing capacity of the ecological system. The article deals in some detail with the quantitative measure method (the ecological footprint method) for sustainable development established by M.Wackernagel and others since 1996.The research applies the method to calculate and analyse the ecological footprint of Guizhou Province in 2001. The ecological footprint ledger is composed of three main sections: 1) biotic resources; 2) energy consumption; and 3) trade balance. According to this calculation,the ecological footprint and ecological deficit per capita of Guizhou Province in 2001 were 1.49525 hm2 and 1.153433 hm2. The ecological footprint deficit shows that the human load has already stayed beyond the regional ecological capacity and the regional natural ecosystem is under great pressure of human activities.Based on this result, a way to enhance the sustainable development capacity for Guizhou Province has been worked out. Finally, some problems existing in the method itself have also been discussed.