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小胶质细胞在脑缺血中的作用 被引量:1

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摘要 19世纪末,Nissal首次描述了小胶质细胞.1919年,西班牙学者Del Rino-Hortega用碳酸银染法将小胶质细胞与神经细胞及其它胶质细胞加以区分,推测小胶质细胞在胚胎早期源于中胚层的骨髓前期细胞,即单核吞噬系统.成年期,这些细胞位于中枢神经系统实质,成为小胶质细胞.这些观点现已普遍被人们所接受.根据细胞的形态,小胶质细胞有两种明显不同的亚型:分枝小胶质细胞和阿米巴样小胶质细胞.分枝小胶质细胞,其形态特征为胞体小,具有伸向各个方向的突起,在正常情况下,小胶质细胞为该型,约占胶质细胞总数的5%~10%,数量很少,它是中枢神经系统的正常成分.在正常机体内,小胶质细胞处于静止状态,又称静息小胶质细胞.阿米巴样小胶质细胞,胞体增大,细胞突起变短甚至消失,形态呈"圆形",非常象巨噬细胞,具有通过细胞外间隙进行迁移的能力和吞噬细胞的功能,所以又称脑巨噬细胞.小胶质细胞两种亚型之间可以互变,静息型小胶质细胞受到某种信号的刺激被激活,逐步转化成活化型的阿米巴样小胶质细胞;当刺激消失或减弱时,阿米巴样小胶质细胞又变回分枝小胶质细胞.
出处 《四川解剖学杂志》 2005年第2期35-37,共3页 Sichuan Journal of Anatomy
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参考文献18

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