基于电流分析的永磁直流电动机故障检测与诊断

Permanent Magnetic DC Motor Fault detection and Diagnosis Based on Current Analysis

传统的小功率永磁直流电动机故障诊断需要利用丰富的专家经验和较多的测量装置,效率较低,无法满足大批量生产的要求。本文研究了一种基于电流分析的快速诊断方法,从电机的启动及稳态电流信息中提取出电机的故障特征向量:稳态电流均值iav、标准差istd、稳态电流谱峰对应频率fw、起动电流峰值im以及峰值点附近斜率k。实验结果表明:研究的方法能够快速、简便地对小功率永磁直流电动机的几种典型故障,如电刷磨损、元件开路、元件脱焊和匝间短路等故障进行检测与诊断。

<Abstrcat>Traditional diagnosis methods for low power permanent-magnetic DC motor needs plenty of expert experiences and many measure instruments.This kind of method cannot meet the needs of mass production of motor manufactures because of low efficiency.This paper researched into a fast diagnostic method based on current analysis.Fault features vector were extracted from the armature current both in starting and in static process,in which it includes average static current i_(av),standard deviation i_(std),the frequency of static current f_w,the peak value of staring current i_m and the slope k of vicinal peak value point.The results of experimentation show that five kinds of representative faults on product line of low power permanent-magnetic DC motors can be diagnosed rapidly and conveniently by the methods in this paper.The several representative faults are brush fray.open circuit of components.open weld of components and short circuit between armature coils.