普氏原羚的食性研究

Study on Food Habits of Procapra prezwalskii

为了给普氏原羚的生境评价、迁地保护和管理对策的制定提供依据,采用笼养饲喂法,在青海湖鸟岛选择优势植物20种,于2004年8～9月对青海湖国家级自然保护区鸟岛保护站2只人工饲养的普氏原羚的食性进行了系统研究.结果表明,受试2只普氏原羚日取食量最大的植物是苣荬菜,(1.93±0.10)kg,最少的植物是冷蒿,(0.13±0.04)kg.在8月下旬至9月上旬,豆科、菊科、禾本科植物是普氏原羚采食的主要植物类群,其次是蔷薇科、蓼科等植物.根据选择性指数平均值(SI),主要植物的喜食性顺序可分嗜食、喜食、可食和厌食4个等级:嗜食苜蓿、青海棱子芹、苣荬菜、西伯利亚滨藜、蕨麻(SI＞1.5);喜食野滨藜、二裂委陵菜(1.0＜SI≤1.5);可食披针叶黄华、猪毛菜、弯齿风毛菊、碱韭、中亚紫菀木、针茅、苔草、星星草(0.5＜SI≤1.0);厌食西伯利亚蓼、冷蒿、贫花鹅观草、垂穗披碱草、芨芨草(0＜SI≤0.5).通过食性研究,可粗略地判断出普氏原羚的适宜生境.

This paper analyzed the summer diet of two Procapra prezwalskii inhabiting in the Bird Island protection station of Qinghai Lake national nature reserve,and studied experimentally its food selection and quantity in August,2004 . The results showed that of 20 species plants supplied , Procapra prezwalskii selected more Sonchun arvensis(1.93±0.10 kg) than others.However,the least was Artemisia frigida (0.13±0.04 kg).During the withering period,Procapra prezwalskii fed mainly on Leguminosae,Compositae,Gramtneae,Rosaceae, Polygonaceae and etc.By index of selectivity(SI),the ranking of food selection was:Medicago sativa,Pleurospermum szechenyii、Sonchun arvensis,Atriplex sibirica,Potentilla anserina (SI﹥1.5)﹥Atriplex fera,Potentilla chinensis (1.0﹤SI≤1.5)﹥Thermopsis lanceolata,Salsola collina,Saussurea przewalskii,Allium polyrhizum,Asterothamnus centrali-asiaticus,Stipa spp,Carex mooscroftii,Puccinella tenuiflora (0.5﹤SI≤1.0)﹥Polygonum sibiricum,Artemisia frigida,Elymus nutans,Roegneria pauciflora,Achnatherum splendens(0﹤SI≤0.5),just as preferred,favored,edible and anorectic.According to the research on food habits,appropriate habitats for animal could be suggested,and important datum for wildlife habitat estimation,migratory protection and management policy would be provided.