水稻对干旱胁迫的农艺调节研究

Studies on the agricultural regulation to drought in rice

研究了13份旱稻和35份普通水稻材料对干旱胁迫的农艺调节能力。在干旱胁迫下,复原抗性能够体现水稻抗旱能力,普通水稻中亦有抗旱力极强的材料。水稻耐旱的农艺调节主要体现在:①改变生育期,短生育期材料缩短生育期,长生育期的延长生育期。②降低株高,减小叶面积,降低蒸腾;增大根冠比,增强吸水力。③减少胚乳营养积累、降低千粒重,增加胚在谷粒中的相对重量,确保在逆境下胚的正常发育。

Using 13 land rice and 35 general rice varieties,the agricultural regulation ability to drought was studied. When drought applied,the reversible resistance to drought was an useful item for selecting drought-resistant rice material. Some general rice materials had strong drought resistance. The agricultural regulation ability mainly showed as followings:(i) Changing the growth duration, materials with short growth duration shortening the growth duration,and that with long growth duration extending the growth duration;(ii) Decreasing the plant height and leaf area to weaken transpiration; Increasing the root/?shoot ratio to intensify the ability to absorb water;(iii)Decreasing the nutriment accumulation in endosperm and 1000-grain weight, increasing the relative embryo weight in grain,and ensuring the reproductive organ development.